I. Core Functionality

1. Signal Splitting & Combining

• Power Division: Distributes an input signal equally between two output ports (3 dB coupling), with each port receiving ~50% of the input power .
• Phase Quadrature: Generates a 90° phase difference between the two output signals, critical for applications requiring orthogonal signals 
• (e.g., quadrature modulation/demodulation, polarization separation).
• Reflection Monitoring: Extracts a portion of reflected power through the coupled port for
•  VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) measurement and signal integrity analysis.

2. High-Frequency Performance

• Wide Frequency Range: Estimated to cover 2.7–3.2 GHz (common in C-band applications), aligning with specifications of similar models like the HMQ series 1.
• Low Insertion Loss: ≤0.14 dB typical insertion loss ensures minimal signal degradation during transmission.
• High Isolation: ≥20 dB isolation between ports reduces crosstalk, enhancing system stability.
• VSWR Performance: ≤1.15 VSWR ensures excellent impedance matching across the frequency range.

3. Robust Design

• Wide Temperature Range: Operates reliably from -55°C to +85°C, suitable for industrial, aerospace, and harsh-environment applications 1.
• High Power Handling: Supports 200–250 W continuous-wave (CW) power (referencing HMQ series specifications), ideal for high-power transmit systems.
• Durable Construction: Stainless steel or nickel-plated housing with low-dielectric materials (e.g., PTFE) minimizes EMI leakage and signal distortion.

II. Key Applications

1. Wireless Communication Infrastructure

• 5G Base Stations:
  • Enables MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) signal synthesis by creating phase-quadrature signals for spatial diversity, improving spectral efficiency.
  • Acts as a power monitoring coupler to detect reflected power in transmitter chains, protecting power amplifiers (PAs) from damage.
• Satellite Communications:
  • Supports Ka/Q-band quadrature modulation in earth stations and satellite terminals for high-throughput data links (e.g., Starlink constellations).
  • Integrates with duplexers to separate transmit and receive signals, reducing path interference.

2. Radar & Sensing Systems

• Phased Array Radars:
  • Serves as a core element in phase shifter and power distribution networks, generating multiple beams for surveillance or tracking.
  • Facilitates linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal downconversion via 90° phase differences, enabling digital signal processing.
• Automotive Radar:
  • In 77/79 GHz mmWave radar systems, splits transmit signals and combines receive signals for multi-target detection and imaging.

3. Test & Measurement Equipment

• Vector Network Analyzers (VNAs):
  • Functions as a calibration fixture, providing precise power division and phase reference for S-parameter measurements.
• Signal Generators/Spectrum Analyzers:
  • Couples signals for real-time monitoring during RF testing, ensuring accuracy in OFDM, DVB, or other wideband signal analyses.

4. Industrial & Aerospace Systems

• Industrial IoT (IIoT):
  • Processes sensor signals in high-temperature, high-humidity, or EMI-prone environments, ensuring reliable data transmission.
• Avionics:
  • Integrates into aircraft communication systems (e.g., VHF radios, satellite phones) to manage multi-band signal distribution and isolation.

III. Technical Specifications (Estimated)

IV. Discontinuation Notice & Alternatives

• Status: The HMR2F is marked as discontinued on datasheets360 1. For current applications, consider these alternatives:
  • Florida RF Labs HMX Series: Offers similar performance with extended frequency ranges.
  • Honeywell HMQ Series: Provides comparable power handling and phase stability.
• Support: Technical documentation and replacement options may still be available through authorized 
• distributors like Micro Lambda or via EMC Technology's legacy support channels.

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